标题： 量化耗竭力的多体贡献 显示英文标题

标题： Quantifying many-body contributions to depletion forces

摘要： 有效相互作用本质上包含许多体效应，这些效应看起来是统一的。 逆向分析这些相互作用，即将其分解为成对、三元组或更大群体的贡献，通常很复杂且很少被研究。 然而，这可能为复杂系统（如软材料）的结构架构提供重要的见解。 本研究采用一种新的基于模拟的方法，以准确确定有效相互作用。 该方法足够敏感，能够评估大粒子之间耗竭势中高阶项的影响。 先前的研究主要关注小粒子的作用，而这项工作扩展了这些发现。 然而，理解大粒子对有效力的贡献，尤其是在稀释极限之外的情况，仍然具有挑战性，目前尚未完全掌握，这使我们主要专注于探索这一主题。 在本研究考察的粒子浓度范围内，保持较小粒子的化学势恒定，我们观察到较大粒子的浓度只要尺寸比低于$q=0.15$，就不会影响大胶体之间的熵势。 这证实了一个基于纯粹几何考虑的长期预测，我们通过直接观察确认了这一点。 相反，对于尺寸不对称性较小的混合物，这些影响变得相当显著。 具体而言，我们对尺寸不对称性为$q=0.45$和$0.60$的情况进行了深入检查。 我们的耗竭力结果直接与积分方程理论的结果进行了比较，这也使我们能够改进和优化相关方法。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Effective interactions inherently encompass many-body effects that appear unified. Analyzing these in reverse, that is, separating them into contributions from pairs, triples, or larger groups, is typically intricate and seldom pursued. However, this could offer essential insights into the structural architecture of complex systems, such as soft materials. This contribution tackles this issue employing a new simulation-based approach to accurately determine effective interactions. The approach is sufficiently sensitive to assess the effects of higher-order terms in the depletion potentials between large particles. Previous research has primarily focused on the role of small particles, and this work expands on these findings. However, understanding the contributions of large particles on the effective forces, particularly beyond the dilute limit, remains challenging and is not yet fully grasped, leading us to primarily focus on exploring this topic. Within the range of particle concentrations examined here, while maintaining a constant chemical potential for smaller particles, we have observed that the concentration of larger particles has no impact on the entropic potential between large colloids, as long as the size ratio remains below $q=0.15$. This confirms a long-established prediction founded on purely geometric considerations, which we have confirmed by means of direct observation. In contrast, for mixtures with less size asymmetry, such effects become considerably influential. Specifically, we have conducted an in-depth examination of scenarios with size asymmetries of $q=0.45$ and $0.60$. Our results for the depletion forces were directly compared with those obtained from the integral equation theory, which has also enabled us to improve and refine the approaches involved.