标题： 跨尺度控制：信号、信息和适应性生物力学功能 显示英文标题

标题： Control across scales: signals, information, and adaptive biological mechanical function

摘要： 生物系统执行着令人惊叹的动态过程数组——包括发育和修复、调节、行为和运动控制、感知和信号传递以及适应等。 由储存的能量资源的转换驱动，这些行为使生物系统能够调节功能、实现特定结果，并在远离热力学平衡的状态下保持稳定。 这些行为在长度和时间尺度上跨越多个数量级：从纳米尺度的分子马达驱动形态发生，到千米尺度的季节性迁徙，以及从毫秒级的反射到数千年进化的适应。 虽然物理定律支配着生物系统的动力学，但仅靠这些定律不足以完全解释生命系统如何感知、决策、适应，最终控制其动力学。 在本文中，我们认为控制理论提供了一个强大且统一的框架，用于理解生物系统如何调节动力学，以在远离平衡的长度和时间尺度上维持稳定。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Biological systems perform an astonishing array of dynamical processes -- including development and repair, regulation, behavior and motor control, sensing and signaling, and adaptation, among others. Powered by the transduction of stored energy resources, these behaviors enable biological systems to regulate functions, achieve specific outcomes, and maintain stability far from thermodynamic equilibrium. These behaviors span orders of magnitude in length and time: from nanometer-scale molecular motors driving morphogenesis to kilometer-scale seasonal migrations, and from millisecond reflexes to millennia of evolutionary adaptations. While physical laws govern the dynamics of biological systems, they alone are insufficient to fully explain how living systems sense, decide, adapt, and, ultimately, control their dynamics. In this article, we argue that control theory provides a powerful, unifying framework for understanding how biological systems regulate dynamics to maintain stability across length and time scales far from equilibrium.