标题： 主动传热流体（AHTF）：通过气泡驱动的自推进微粒子增强对流传热 显示英文标题

标题： Active Heat Transfer Fluids (AHTF): Enhancement of Convective Heat Transfer by Bubble-Driven Self-Propelled Microparticles

摘要： 含有导电纳米颗粒的液态冷却剂（纳米流体）在过去30年中已被广泛研究，但在实际冷却应用中的采用却有限。 被动纳米颗粒增强液体传热的能力从根本上受到限制，因为纳米颗粒不能相对于主体流体自主移动，因此在热量传输中产生的对流增强可以忽略不计。 在本研究中，我们提供了实验证据，表明微米级自推进粒子，能够将化学能转化为自主运动，可以增强液体中的对流传热。 我们通过测量从下方加热的悬浮液池中的对流传热系数来量化这种增强效果。 与没有推进的相同粒子相比，在低加热功率（瑞利数为10,000）的情况下，自推进情况下的传热系数可以高出超过100%。 这项工作提供了一个概念验证演示，表明活性粒子可以增强液体中的传热，从而推动“活性传热流体”在各种冷却应用中的发展。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Liquid coolants containing conductive nanoparticles (nanofluids) have been widely studied over the past 30 years but have seen limited adoption in real-world cooling applications. The ability of passive nanoparticles to enhance heat transfer in liquids is fundamentally limited because the nanoparticles cannot move on their own relative to the bulk fluid, and thus generate negligible convective enhancements in heat transport. In this work, we present experimental evidence that micron-scale self-propelled particles, which convert chemical energy into autonomous motion, enhance convective heat transfer in liquids. We quantified this enhancement by measuring the convective heat transfer coefficient in a pool of suspension heated from below. The enhancements associated with self-propulsion are most pronounced at low heating powers (Rayleigh number of 10,000), in which case the heat transfer coefficient can be over 100 percent higher in the self-propelled case compared to the same particles without propulsion. This work provides a proof-of-concept demonstration that active particles can enhance heat transfer in liquids, motivating the development of "Active Heat Transfer Fluids" for various cooling applications.