标题： 在排斥的氛围中：在通用人工智能刮取时代振兴动产侵入法 显示英文标题

标题： In the Mood to Exclude: Revitalizing Trespass to Chattels in the Era of GenAI Scraping

摘要： 本文认为，网站所有者有权排除他人访问其网站。 因此，当生成式人工智能（GenAI）抓取机器人有意规避合理的技术障碍时，其行为可能构成对动产的侵入。 如果抓取导致网站价值下降，则应适用对动产的侵入原则。 目前司法实践过于关注网站内容，并在缺乏服务器损害或用户干扰证据的情况下驳回侵入主张，这误解了网站本身作为数字财产的性质，过于狭隘地关注侵入索赔中的损害构成。 通过将分析重点从内容转向网站本身作为综合数字资产，并说明动产价值受到的损害，本文表明排除权在网络环境中同样具有与有形财产相同的效力。 法院和诉讼当事人在监管大规模抓取方面面临困难，因为版权优先原则缩小了可主张的索赔范围，使得版权及其合理使用抗辩成为主要争议领域。 相比之下，将网站视为个人财产将使对动产的侵入成为一种有意义的诉讼理由，为网站所有者提供可执行的排除权利。 这种保护将抑制剥削性抓取，维护内容创作的激励，有助于保护隐私和个人数据，并保障自主性和表达的价值。 最终，本文认为，重申网站所有者的排除权对于维持公平和可持续的在线环境至关重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This paper argues that website owners have the right to exclude others from their websites. Accordingly, when generative AI (GenAI) scraping bots intentionally circumvent reasonable technological barriers, their conduct could be actionable as trespass to chattels. If the scraping leads to a decrease in the website's value, then trespass to chattels should apply. The prevailing judicial focus on website content and the dismissal of trespass claims absent proof of server impairment or user disruption misconstrues the nature of the website itself as a form of digital property, focusing too narrowly on what constitutes harm under a claim of trespass. By shifting analysis from content to the website itself as an integrated digital asset and illustrating the harm to the value of the chattel, this paper demonstrates that the right to exclude applies online with the same force as it does to tangible property. Courts and litigants have struggled to police large-scale scraping because copyright preemption narrows available claims, leaving copyright and its fair use defense as the primary battleground. In contrast, recognizing websites as personal property revives trespass to chattels as a meaningful cause of action, providing website owners with an enforceable exclusionary right. Such protection would disincentivize exploitative scraping, preserve incentives for content creation, aid in protecting privacy and personal data, and safeguard values of autonomy and expression. Ultimately, this paper contends that reaffirming website owners' right to exclude is essential to maintaining a fair and sustainable online environment.