标题： 新的需求经济学 显示英文标题

标题： New Demand Economics

摘要： 我们发展了一种在物质丰裕时代的消费需求经济学理论。 增长的约束从总需求不足转变为需求层级升级不足。 我们的结果是，新的增长引擎在于升级需求层次：更高层级的需求产生更大的价值创造乘数。 关键机制是教育驱动的效用管理。 教育改变社会效用函数，提高高层级商品的效用，并将资源引导至更高价值的领域；这需要政策重新定位，从短期总刺激转向以教育为中心、长期的人力资本投资。 方法论上，我们构建了一个可估计的一般均衡框架。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We develop a theory of demand economics for an era of material abundance. The binding constraint on growth has shifted from insufficient aggregate demand to inadequate demand-tier upgrading. Our result is that, the new engine of growth lies in upgrading the demand hierarchy: higher-tier demands generate larger value-creation multipliers. The key mechanism is education-driven utility management. Education transforms the social utility function, raises the utility of higher-tier goods, and directs resources toward higher-value domains; this warrants a policy reorientation away from short-run aggregate stimulus toward education-centered, long-horizon investments in human capital. Methodologically, we build an estimable general-equilibrium framework.