标题： 一种结合红细胞膜生物物理特性的实用计算溶血模型 显示英文标题

标题： A Practical Computational Hemolysis Model Incorporating Biophysical Properties of the Red Blood Cell Membrane

摘要： 目的：溶血是血液处理医疗设备设计中的关键问题。由于血液的复杂多尺度特性，对该现象的计算预测具有挑战性。因此，传统方法通常无法准确预测溶血，与实验数据相比常常出现多个数量级的偏差。更精确的模型通常计算成本高，因此在实际应用中不切实际。本工作旨在通过提出准确但简单且高效的计算溶血模型来填补这一空白。 方法：溶血建模依赖于两个关键组成部分：红细胞模型和血红蛋白释放模型。在本工作中，我们比较了三种红细胞模型：一种常见的基于应力的模型（Bludszuweit），一种基于Kelvin-Voigt本构定律的简单应变模型，以及一种更复杂的张量模型（TTM）。此外，我们还比较了两种血红蛋白释放模型：广泛使用的幂律方法和一种生物物理孔形成模型。 结果：我们在两个基准案例中评估了这些模型：FDA血液泵和FDA喷嘴。在两个基准测试中，结合孔形成模型的简单应变模型在实验测量的标准差范围内实现了溶血的绝对预测。相比之下，基于应力的幂律模型偏差达几个数量级。 结论：基于应变的孔建模方法考虑了红细胞膜的生物物理特性，特别是它们的粘弹性变形行为以及通过膜孔的血红蛋白释放。这导致了在可以轻松集成到常见CFD工作流程框架中的溶血预测显著改善。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Purpose: Hemolysis is a key issue in the design of blood-handling medical devices. Computational prediction of this phenomenon is challenging due to the complex multiscale nature of blood. As a result, conventional approaches often fail to predict hemolysis accurately, commonly showing deviations of multiple orders of magnitude compared to experimental data. More accurate models are typically computationally expensive and thus impractical for real-world applications. This work aims to fill this gap by presenting accurate yet simple and efficient computational hemolysis models. Methods: Hemolysis modeling relies on two key components: a red blood cell model and a hemoglobin release model. In this work, we compare three red blood cell models: a common stress-based model (Bludszuweit), a simple strain-based model based on the Kelvin-Voigt constitutive law, and a more complex tensor-based model (TTM). Further, we compare two hemoglobin release models: the widely used power-law approach and a biophysical pore formation model. Results: We evaluate these models in two benchmark cases: the FDA blood pump and the FDA nozzle. In both benchmarks, the simple strain-based model combined with the pore formation model achieves absolute predictions of hemolysis within the standard deviation of experimental measurements. In contrast, stress-based power law models deviate by several orders of magnitude. Conclusion: The strain-based pore modeling approach takes into account the biophysical properties of red blood cell membranes, in particular their viscoelastic deformation behavior and hemoglobin release through membrane pores. This leads to significantly improved hemolysis predictions in a framework that can easily be integrated into common CFD workflows.