标题： 暗物质的表现以及原子和天体物理现象中基本常数的变化 显示英文标题

标题： Manifestations of dark matter and variations of fundamental constants in atoms and astrophysical phenomena

摘要： 我们综述了轻玻色子暗物质探测的最新进展，包括轴子、类轴子赝标量以及标量暗物质，它们要么形成相干振荡的经典场，要么形成拓扑缺陷（孤立子）。 我们强调新的高精度实验室和天体物理测量方法，其中所寻找的效果与暗物质与普通物质之间的基本相互作用强度呈线性关系，这与传统的暗物质探测方案形成对比，后者的效果与基本相互作用参数呈二次或更高阶关系，并且极其微小。 新的地面实验包括利用原子钟、光谱学、原子和固态磁强计、扭摆、超冷中子以及激光干涉仪进行的测量。 新的天体物理观测包括脉冲星定时、宇宙射线透镜效应、大爆炸核合成以及宇宙微波背景测量。 我们还讨论了最近提出的几种机制，这些机制由暗物质诱导出缓慢的“漂移”、振荡变化以及瞬时变化的自然常数，与传统的暗能量型理论相比，这些机制提供了一种更自然的方式产生自然常数的宇宙演化。因此，自然常数变化的测量为我们提供了暗物质探测的新工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present an overview of recent developments in the detection of light bosonic dark matter, including axion, pseudoscalar axion-like and scalar dark matter, which form either a coherently oscillating classical field or topological defects (solitons). We emphasise new high-precision laboratory and astrophysical measurements, in which the sought effects are linear in the underlying interaction strength between dark matter and ordinary matter, in contrast to traditional detection schemes for dark matter, where the effects are quadratic or higher order in the underlying interaction parameters and are extremely small. New terrestrial experiments include measurements with atomic clocks, spectroscopy, atomic and solid-state magnetometry, torsion pendula, ultracold neutrons, and laser interferometry. New astrophysical observations include pulsar timing, cosmic radiation lensing, Big Bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background measurements. We also discuss various recently proposed mechanisms for the induction of slow `drifts', oscillating variations and transient-in-time variations of the fundamental constants of Nature by dark matter, which offer a more natural means of producing a cosmological evolution of the fundamental constants compared with traditional dark energy-type theories, which invoke a (nearly) massless underlying field. Thus, measurements of variation of the fundamental constants gives us a new tool in dark matter searches.