标题： 用基于非线性马赫-曾德尔的量子模拟器探测色散量子测温的极限 显示英文标题

标题： Probing the Limits of Dispersive Quantum Thermometry with a Nonlinear Mach-Zehnder-Based Quantum Simulator

摘要： 温度估计，也称为测温，是量子 regime 中物理系统进行的关键传感任务。 确实，热涨落可以显著降低量子相干性。 因此，准确确定系统的运行温度是区分热噪声与其他退相干源的关键第一步。 在本工作中，我们估计由单模量子化电磁场色散探测的一组相同且独立的两能级原子的未知温度。 与之前的工作不同，我们提出了一种解析传感分析，证明联合原子-场演化——没有任何假设或近似——在最好的情况下，关于场激发数的精度只能达到标准量子极限。 为了进一步研究我们的分析，我们提出并实现了一种基于非线性马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的量子温度计，我们通过量子数字模拟实现了这一点。 我们的模拟在原子态制备方面非常灵活，允许对原子集合进行正温度和有效负温度的初始化。 这使我们的平台成为当前量子模拟器中基准测温能力的有前途且多功能的测试平台。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Temperature estimation, known as thermometry, is a critical sensing task for physical systems operating in the quantum regime. Indeed, thermal fluctuations can significantly degrade quantum coherence. Therefore, accurately determining the system's operating temperature is a crucial first step toward distinguishing thermal noise from other sources of decoherence. In this work, we estimate the unknown temperature of a collection of identical and independent two-level atoms dispersively probed by a single-mode quantized electromagnetic field. In contrast to previous works, we present an analytical sensing analysis demonstrating that the joint atom-field evolution -- without any assumptions or approximations -- can achieve, at best, the standard quantum limit of precision concerning the number of field excitations. To investigate our analysis further, we propose and implement a quantum thermometer based on a nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which we realize through quantum digital simulation. Our simulation is highly flexible regarding atomic state preparation, allowing the initialization of atomic ensembles with positive and effective negative temperatures. This makes our platform a promising and versatile testbed for benchmarking thermometric capabilities in current quantum simulators.