标题： 用量子模拟器快照探测缺陷 显示英文标题

标题： Probing Defects with Quantum Simulator Snapshots

摘要： 快照，即局部自由度的投影测量，是在量子模拟器实验中获取的标准数据。 快照通常用于探测局部物理。 在本工作中，我们提出了一种简单的协议，利用这些快照来实验探测缺陷的物理。 我们的协议仅依赖于体系统快照，而无需显式引入缺陷；因此，可以使用同一数据集探测不同种类缺陷的物理。 特别是，我们证明了通过例如$1d$里里德伯原子实现的量子伊辛临界性局部自旋构型的快照，我们可以（1）提取“缺陷熵”，以及（2）访问有效缺陷共形场理论的连续固定点线，这最近在“弱测量改变的临界性”背景下被讨论过。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Snapshots, i.e. projective measurements of local degrees of freedom, are the most standard data taken in experiments on quantum simulators. Snapshots are usually used to probe local physics. In this work we propose a simple protocol to experimentally probe physics of defects with these snapshots. Our protocol relies only on snapshots from the bulk system, without introducing the defect explicitly; as such, the physics of different kinds of defects can be probed using the same dataset. In particular, we demonstrate that with snapshots of local spin configurations of, for example, the $1d$ Rydberg atom realization of the quantum Ising criticality, we can (1) extract the ``defect entropy", and (2) access the continuous line of fixed points of effective defect conformal field theory, which was recently discussed in the context of the ``weak-measurement altered criticality".