标题： 量子布朗运动的非平衡热力学：从完全正性产生的异常非平衡电流 显示英文标题

标题： Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the quantum Brownian motion: Anomalous non-equilibrium currents arising from complete positivity

摘要： 我们使用随机热力学框架，严格分析了各种量子布朗运动（QBM）表述的非平衡热力学行为。 虽然广泛使用的Caldeira-Leggett主方程表现出良好的热力学特性，例如满足细致平衡，但它无法确保完全正性。 相反，几种完全正性和迹保持（CPTP）扩展被证明在热力学上存在争议。 我们表明，这些扩展引入了异常的相空间结构，在稳态下违反细致平衡，导致非零的熵产生和物理起源不明的有效非平衡电流。 我们的结果突显了开放量子系统中量子一致性与热力学平衡之间的根本矛盾。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We rigorously analyze the non-equilibrium thermodynamic behavior of various formulations of quantum Brownian motion (QBM) using the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. While the widely used Caldeira-Leggett master equation exhibits desirable thermodynamic features, such as the fulfilment of a detailed balance, it fails to ensure complete positivity. In contrast, several completely positive and trace-preserving (CPTP) extensions turn out to be thermodynamically controversial. We show that such extensions introduce anomalous phase-space structures that violate detailed balance at the steady state, leading to non-vanishing entropy production and effective non-equilibrium current of unclear physical origins. Our results highlight a fundamental tension between quantum consistency and thermodynamic equilibration in open quantum systems.