标题： 关于在再加热过程中产生的超大质量右手中微子的引力波 显示英文标题

标题： On the gravitational waves from super massive RHNs produced at preheating

摘要： 暴胀后超大质量粒子的产生对宇宙的热历史有深远的影响，并可能在引力波（GW）背景中留下可观测的痕迹。 在暴胀子主要耦合到重场的场景中，例如右旋中微子（RHN），非微扰机制如参数共振可能导致它们的有效产生，即使它们的质量超过暴胀子质量。 一旦产生，RHNs 在通过$N\rightarrow \ell + H$衰变成标准模型（SM）粒子时，会通过制动辐射发射引力子，这由不可避免的最小引力耦合所允许，从而产生随机的GW背景。 我们在$\alpha-$吸引子暴胀模型框架内研究这一机制，强调由此产生的GW谱如何携带重场和暴胀后动力学的间接痕迹。 这为研究其他方式无法触及的超大质量粒子提供了一个观测窗口，并为超出SM的高能物理提供了一个强大的探测手段。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The post-inflationary production of supermassive particles can have profound implications for the thermal history of the universe and may leave observable imprints in the gravitational wave (GW) background. In scenarios where the inflaton couples predominantly to heavy fields, say right-handed neutrino (RHN), non-perturbative mechanisms such as parametric resonance can lead to their efficient production, even when their masses exceed the inflaton mass. Once produced, the RHNs emit gravitons through bremsstrahlung as they decay into the Standard Model (SM) particles via $N\rightarrow \ell + H$, enabled by the unavoidable minimal coupling to gravity, sourcing a stochastic GW background. We study this mechanism within the framework of $\alpha-$attractor inflationary models, highlighting how the resulting GW spectrum carries indirect imprints of the heavy sector and the post-inflationary dynamics. This offers an observational window into otherwise inaccessible supermassive particles and provides a powerful probe of high-scale physics beyond the SM.